Lifestyle Characteristics and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Population-Based Study in Albania
Table 1
Distribution of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of a representative sample of Albanian adults.
Variable
No GERD
GERD
OR (95% CI)c
P value
Sex
Men
298 (86.4)a
47 (13.6)
1.30 (0.86–1.98)
0.215
Women
446 (89.2)
54 (10.8)
1.00 (reference)
Age (years)
52.0 (32.0)b
57.0 (25.0)
1.02 (1.01–1.03)
0.001
Age
≤40 years
240 (91.6)
22 (8.4)
1.00 (reference)
0.015
>40 years
465 (85.5)
79 (14.5)
1.85 (1.13–3.05)
Educational level (years)
12.0 (4.0)b
12.0 (6.75)
0.92 (0.87–0.98)
0.003
Educational level
0.018 (2)
d
Low (0–8) years
111 (81.6)
25 (18.4)
2.23 (1.27–3.93)
0.005
Middle (9–12) years
273 (86.4)
43 (13.6)
1.56 (0.96–2.53)
0.072
High (≥13 years)
317 (90.8)
32 (9.2)
1.00 (reference)
—
Income level
0.474 (2)
Low
83 (84.7)
15 (15.3)
1.57 (0.75–3.27)
0.232
Middle
450 (87.0)
67 (13.0)
1.29 (0.74–2.24)
0.365
High
156 (89.7)
18 (10.3)
1.00 (reference)
—
Numbers and row percentages (in parentheses). Discrepancies in the totals are due to missing covariate values. Median and interquartile range (in parentheses). Unadjusted (crude) odds ratios (ORs: GERD versus no GERD), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P values from binary logistic regression. Overall P value and degrees of freedom (in parentheses).
