Synchronized Dual Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Induces Activation of Enteric Glial Cells in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="964071.fig.001a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/grp/volume-2014/964071/figures/964071.fig.001a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Gastric slow wave in 7–14-day control rats (ECN group) and 7–14-day diabetes rats (EDM group)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="964071.fig.001b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/grp/volume-2014/964071/figures/964071.fig.001b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Gastric slow wave in 56–63-day control rats (TCN group) and 56–63-day diabetes rats (TDM group)</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Gastric slow waves in ECN, EDM, TCN, and TDM. The impaired slow waves of TDM can be observed from above recording. While the rhythm in EDM was normal, the frequency of gastric slow waves increased; SGES normalized the gastric slow waves in EDM and TDM. Note: ECN: early control (7–14 days), EDM: early diabetes (7–14 days), TCN: terminal control (56–63 days), and TDM: terminal diabetes (56–63 days). SGES: synchronized gastric electrical stimulation of dual pulses.</table>

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Synchronized Dual Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Induces Activation of Enteric Glial Cells in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis 