Comparisons of Esophageal Function Tests between Chinese and British Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Table 2

Demographic data and high-resolution manometry and impedance results of different Chinese groups.

Items	Healthy volunteers	GERD	Independent-sample -test or chi-square
	Age (mean ± SD, yr)	32.0 ± 11.2		53.5 ± 11.8	P < 0.001
Male/female,	25/37	39/43
LESP (mean ± SD, mmHg)	26.4 ± 10.9	16.5 ± 10.0	P < 0.001
LESL (mean ± SD, cm)	2.7 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.5
LESRP (mean ± SD, mmHg)	6.6 ± 4.7	4.4 ± 4.7
IRP (mean ± SD, mmHg)	10.4 ± 4.9	9.0 ± 5.9	P = 0.142
UESP (mean ± SD, mmHg)	101.4 ± 49.5	75.0 ± 25.6	P < 0.001
DEA (mean ± SD, mmHg)	95.3 ± 35.4	58.9 ± 31.9	P < 0.001
DCI (mean ± SD, mmHg⋅cm⋅s)	1891.5 ± 1131.9	535.8 ± 556.6	P < 0.001
Peristalsis; Normal/small break/large break	57/1/4	44/10/28	P < 0.001
Total bolus transit time (s)	6.9 ± 0.9	7.6 ± 1.2
Complete bolus transit rate (%)	90.3 ± 14.0	61.7 ± 36.4	P < 0.001
Hiatus hernia (%)	1 (1.6)	9 (10.9)

LESP: lower esophageal sphincter pressure; LESL: length of lower esophageal sphincter; LESRP: lower esophageal sphincter residual pressure; IRP: integrated relaxation pressure; UESP: upper esophageal sphincter pressure; DEA: distal esophageal amplitude; DCI distal contractile integral.