Association between Portal Vein Thrombosis and Survival in Non-Liver-Transplant Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

First author (year)	Country	Design	Period	Target population	Number of total patients	PVT number (%)
Amitrano (2012) [13]	Italy	Prospective cohort study (full-text)	2010.1–2011.7	LC with acute EVB vasoactive therapy, antibiotics, and EVL	185	32; (17%)
Attili (2012) [14]	Italy	Prospective longitudinal study (abstract)	2000.2–2005.7	LC without HCC	129	25; (19%)
Chen (2012) [15]	Taiwan	Retrospective study (full-text)	2005.7–2009.12	LC with acute EVB treated with somatostatin, antibiotics, and EVL	101	25; (25%)
D’Amico (2003) [16]	Italy	Multicenter, prospective, cohort study (full-text)	1997.10–1998.1^*	LC with hematemesis and/or melena (treatments include vasoactive drugs, endoscopic therapy, combination of endoscopic and vasoactive therapy, balloon tamponade alone, or none)	291^*	37; (13%)^*
Doumit (2009) [17]	Canada	NA (abstract)	2002	LC who underwent portal vein Doppler US and who had no preexisting HCC, TIPS, or surgical shunt in situ or prior to LT	398	44; (11%)
Ferreira (2010) [18]	Portugal	Case-control study (abstract)	NA	Case group: consecutive LC with non-HCC PVT; control group: decompensated LC matched for Child-Pugh and MELD scores, age, and etiology of LC	Case group:  ; Control group:
Hung (2012) [19]	Taiwan	RCT (full-text)	2007.4–2011.3	LC with acute GVB after primary hemostasis using gastric variceal obturation therapy (randomized to repeated gastric variceal obturation alone or in combination with nonselective β-blockers)	95	13; (14%)
Lee (2010) [20]	Taiwan	Retrospective study (full-text)	2005.12–2008.2	LC after the cessation of acute EVB	97	19; (20%)
Orloff (1997) [21]	USA	Prospective cohort study (full-text)	1958–1991	LC with acutely bleeding esophagogastric varices or a previous episode of bleeding esophagogastric varices treated with emergency or elective portacaval shunt	1300	85; (7%)
Perarnau (2010) [22]	France	Retrospective study (full-text)	1990–2004	LC undergoing TIPS for emergency bleeding hemostasis or rebleeding prevention	273	27; (10%)
Sarfeh (1979) [23]	USA	Retrospective study (full-text)	1972–1978	Biopsy-proved LC treated with portal decompression surgery for active or previous variceal hemorrhage	86	18; (21%)
Windle (1975) [24]	UK	Retrospective study (full-text)	1950–1957	Patients who underwent end-to-side anastomosis of the portal vein to the inferior vena cava for portal hypertension secondary to intrahepatic disease	57	10; (17.5%)
Wu (2002) [25]	Taiwan	Retrospective study (full-text)	1992.11–1998.10	LC with acute GVB treated with endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection	83	15; (18%)

EVB: esophageal variceal bleeding; EVL: endoscopic variceal ligation; GVB: gastric variceal bleeding; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; LC: liver cirrhosis; MELD: model for end-stage liver diseases; NA: not available; PVT: portal vein thrombosis; RCT: randomized controlled trial; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
Notes: ^*the data in the training set.