Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Urticaria: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of H. pylori infection in CU cases versus controls.

Subgroup	Number of studies	Cases with HP (+)	Controls with HP (+)	OR (95% CI)	value	Heterogeneity
						(%)
Region
Europe	6	215/476	274/668	1.14 [0.59–2.21]	0.70	73	0.002
Middle East	5	141/224	68/147	2.77 [1.66–4.65]	0.0001	11	0.34
East Asia	2	55/150	71/200	1.27 [0.80–2.03]	0.31	0	0.75
South and Southeast Asia	2	50/84	46/84	1.25 [0.61–2.53]	0.54	0	0.33
South America	1	19/31	45/136	3.20 [1.43–7.17]	0.005	—	—
Year
1998–2000	4	177/442	223/590	1.01 [0.44–2.35]	0.98	78	0.004
2001–2005	5	100/159	125/301	2.13 [1.21–3.76]	0.009	39	0.16
2006–2010	5	141/214	96/189	2.48 [1.17–5.25]	0.02	52	0.08
2011–2014	2	62/150	60/155	1.19 [0.72–1.96]	0.50	0	0.48
Detection method
Serology	10	298/675	404/1050	1.67 [1.01–2.75]	0.04	76	0.001
UBT	2	19/41	21/41	1.04 [0.08–12.83]	0.98	58	0.12
Histology	2	68/103	50/78	1.29 [0.67–2.46]	0.45	0	0.50
Combined detection	2	95/146	29/66	2.68 [1.27–5.65]	0.009	18	0.27
Total	16	480/965	504/1235	1.66 [1.12–2.45]	0.01	69	0.0001

HP: Helicobacter pylori; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.