Assessing of Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity

Table 2

HLA genetics and risk associated with CD.

HLA-DQA1 alleles	HLA-DQB1 alleles	HLA-DQ heterodimers	Predisposition for CD^+
^*05:01, ^*05:01	^*02:01, ^*02:01	DQ2.5 (homozygous)	Very high
^*05:01, ^*03	^*02:01, ^*03:02	DQ2.5/DQ8/DQ2.3/DQ8.5	Very high
^*05:01, ^*02:01	^*02:01, ^*02:02	DQ2.5/DQ2.2 (encoded in cis and trans)	Very high
^*05:01, x	^*02:01, ^*02	DQ2.5 (encoded in cis and trans)	Very high
^*05:01, x	^*02:01, x	DQ2.5 (heterozygous)	High
^*05:05, ^*02:01	^*03:01, ^*02:02	DQ2.5 (encoded in trans)/DQ2.2	High
^*03, ^*03	^*03:02, ^*03:02	DQ8 (homozygous)	High
^*03, ^*02:01	^*03:02, ^*02:02	DQ8/DQ2.2/DQ2.3	High
^*03, x	^*03:02, ^*02	DQ8/DQ2.3	High
^*03, x	^*03:02, x	DQ8 (heterozygous)	Intermediate
^*02:01, ^*02:01	^*02:02, ^*02:02	DQ2.2 (homozygous)	Intermediate
^*02:01, x	^*02:02, ^*02	DQ2.2 (encoded in cis and trans)	Intermediate
x, x	^*02:01, ^*02:01	Half DQ2.5	Intermediate
^*02:01, x	^*02:02, x	DQ2.2 (heterozygous)	Low
x, x	^*02:01	Half DQ2.5	Low
^*05:01	x, x	Half DQ2.5	Low
^*03:01, x	^*02:01, x	DQ2.3/x	ND^++, #
^*05, x	^*03:02, x	DQ8.5/x	ND
^*03, x	^*03:03, x	DQ9/x	ND

Predisposition for CD is based on the prevalence of genes/haplotypes and the immune recognition of CD-associated gluten T-cell epitopes [28–38].
⁺⁺ND; nondetermined.
^#It is possible that some HLA-DQ2.5 “restricted” gluten T-cell epitopes can be loaded and presented by the heterodimer DQ2.3 [31].
x denotes a non-CD related genotype.