The Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figure 2

Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. LPS: lipopolysaccharide; CD14: cluster of differentiation 14; MD-2: lymphocyte antigen 96; TLR: toll-like receptor; TRIF: TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β; TRAM: TRIF-related adaptor molecule; TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; IRAK4: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4; IRAKM: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M; IRAK1: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; IRAK2: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2; TOLLIP: toll interacting protein; FADD: Fas-associated protein with death domain; Caspase-8: cysteine-aspartic protease 8; TIRAP: toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein; UBC13: ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; TRAF6: TNF receptor-associated factor 6; UEV1A: ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1A; ECSIT: evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate In toll pathway; IKKγ: nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit gamma; IKKβ: nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; NEMO: NF-kappa-B essential modulator; IKKα: nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha; TK1: thymidine kinase 1; TAB1: TGF-beta activated kinase 1; MKK4/7: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 4; JNK: Janus kinase; ub: ubiquinization; ICBα: inhibitor of kappa-B; p65/RELA: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B P65 subunit; NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa-B; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.