Screening Biomarker as an Alternative to Endoscopy for the Detection of Early Gastric Cancer: The Combination of Serum Trefoil Factor Family 3 and Pepsinogen
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with early gastric cancer and control groups in the derivation and validation cohorts.
Characteristics
Patients
Controls
value
Derivation cohort
281
708
Sex, male, (%)
213 (75.8)
272 (38.4)
<0.001
Age (years)
63.4 ± 9.3
67.4 ± 11.9
<0.001
TFF3 value (ng/mL)
9.37 ± 4.67
7.05 ± 3.28
<0.001
Male
9.21 ± 3.42
7.19 ± 3.86
<0.001
Female
9.87 ± 7.34
6.96 ± 2.86
0.002
Helicobacter pylori positivity (%)
136 (48.4)
NA
Mean tumor size (mm)
22.0 ± 13.5
NA
Submucosal invasion (%)
35 (12.5)
NA
Lymphovascular invasion (%)
5 (1.8)
NA
Histologic type (%)
NA
Differentiated (WD, MD)
256 (91.1)
Undifferentiated (PD, SRC)
25 (8.9)
Lauren classification (%)
NA
Intestinal
261 (92.9)
Diffuse
20 (7.1)
Validation cohort
30
30
Sex, male, (%)
21 (70.0)
15 (50.0)
0.114
Age (years)
59.5 ± 10.7
66.6 ± 12.0
0.002
TFF3 value (ng/mL)
9.01 ± 4.21
6.92 ± 2.76
<0.001
Intestinal metaplasia, (%)
13 (43.3)
3 (10.0)
0.004
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. TFF3: trefoil factor family 3; WD: well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; MD: moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; PD: poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; SRC: signet ring cell carcinoma; NA: not applicable.
