|
| Study | Aim | Method | Outcome | Number |
|
| Koren et al. [8] | To investigate the effect of oral or gut microbiota on the microbial composition of atherosclerotic plaques | qPCR, 16S rRNA | The abundances of Veillonella and Streptococcus in atherosclerotic plaques correlated with their abundance in the oral cavity | 30 adults: 15 CVD and 15 healthy |
| Hyvärinen et al. [9] | To investigate the association between coronary artery disease and periodontal pathogens | qPCR | Levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans associated with increased risk for CAD | 179 CAD, 166 ACS, 119 healthy |
| Fak et al. [10] | To elucidate the relationship between the oral microbiota composition and patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic atherosclerosis | 16S rRNA | Higher relative abundance of the bacterial genus Anaeroglobus in symptomatic atherosclerosis | 27 symptomatic AS, 35 asymptomatic AS, 30 healthy controls |
| Karlsson et al. [11] | To investigate whether the gut metagenome is associated with symptomatic atherosclerosis | MEDUSA | Genus Collinsella enriched in patients, Eubacterium and Roseburia enriched in controls | 12 symptomatic AS, 13 healthy controls |
| Jie et al. [12] | To systematically examine the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases | Shotgun sequencing | Increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. in patients | 218 CVD, 187 healthy controls |
| Luedde et al. [14] | To systematically investigate specific changes of the intestinal microbiome in HF patients | 16S rRNA | Decreased diversity of the intestinal microbiome and downregulated key intestinal bacterial groups, such as Blautia, Collinsella, Erysipelotrichaceae, and uncl in HF patients | 20 HF, 20 controls |
| Kamo et al. [15] | To investigate whether gut microbiota in HF is associated with aging | 16S rRNA | Diminished proportions of Bacteroidetes, larger quantities of Proteobacteria, and enriched Lactobacillus in older patients with HF | 12 HF patients younger than 60 years, 10 HF patients 60 years of age or older |
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