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Study | Year | Conclusions |
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Holm et al. [29] | 1992 | A healthy person who initially has a normal biopsy, but who also has an increased density of γδ T-cells, may later develop mucosal atrophy compatible with CD. |
Iltanen et al. [30] | 1999 | 39 of 79 (49%) children with normal jejunal mucosa had an increased density of intraepithelial γδ T-cells. |
Jarvinen et al. [28] | 2003 | An increase especially in γδ T-cells strengthens the probability of CD. |
Korponay-Szabo et al. [20] | 2004 | TG2-related IgA deposits in the morphologically normal jejunum were predictive of forthcoming overt coeliac disease with villous atrophy. |
Jarvinen et al. [27] | 2004 | The villous tip intraepithelial lymphocyte count was statistically significantly higher in patients with early-stage coeliac disease than in nonceliac controls (sensitivity, 0.84; specificity, 0.88). |
Paparo et al. [17] | 2005 | Increased number of lamina CD25+ and/or enhanced expression of ICAM 1 and crypt HLA DR. |
Salmi et al. [23] | 2006 | Intestinal coeliac autoantibody deposit had a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 93%, respectively, in detecting subsequent coeliac disease. |
Koskinen et al. [21] | 2010 | Mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific autoantibody deposits proved to be accurate gluten-dependent markers of celiac disease. |
Tosco et al. [25] | 2011 | In most positive cases a patchy distribution of the deposits was observed with areas of clear positivity and areas with absent signal. |
Bernini et al. [35] | 2011 | Potential CD largely shares the metabolomic signature of overt CD. Results prove that metabolic alterations may precede the development of small intestinal villous atrophy. |
Biagi et al. [31] | 2013 | In PCD, the intestinal mucosa is maintained architecturally normal thanks to an increased enterocytic proliferation. |
Borrelli et al. [32] | 2013 | Potential CD patients show a low grade of inflammation that could likely be due to active regulatory mechanism preventing the progression toward a mucosal damage. |
Borrelli et al. [33] | 2016 | In potential CD, IL-21 is less expressed than that in active CD. |
Borrelli et al. [22] | 2018 | In CD, the intestinal deposits of anti-tTG2 are a constant presence and appear very early in the natural history of the disease. |
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