International Normalized Ratio-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Marker of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severity

Table 1

Patient characteristics.

	All patients	Non-ICU	ICU^,	-Value	Survival discharge	Mortality	-Value
Age (years)	63.86 ± 17.04	63.84 ± 18.31	63.91 ± 13.93	0.533	63.49 ± 17.20	69.03 ± 13.84	0.086
Male, n (%)	343 (66.1%)	216 (60.7%)	127 (77.9%)	≤0.001	315 (65.1%)	28 (80%)	0.106
SBP, mmHg	116 (53–254)	121 (53–222)	106 (53–254)	≤0.001	117 (53–222)	100 (53–254)	≤0.001
Pulse, beats/min	97 (40–193)	94 (44–166)	98 (40–193)	0.122	97 (40–193)	96 (43–146)	0.556
Comorbidities	450 (86.7%)	296 (83.1%)	154 (94.5%)	0.001	415 (85.7%)	35 (100%)	0.032
Hemoglobin, g/dL	9.6 (2.9–18.1)	10.4 (3.6–17.5)	8.2 (2.9–18.1)	≤0.001	9.6 (2.9–18.1)	7.7 (2.9–14.8)	≤0.001
Platelet, ×E^9/L	205 (11–776)	214 (11–776)	164 (19–724)	≤0.001	206 (11–776)	151 (40–440)	0.030
BUN, mg/dL	31.2 (6.2–184.3)	30.1 (6.2–184.3)	33.9 (6.5–138.3)	0.022	30.8 (6.3–184.3)	38.6 (6.5–151.9)	0.034
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.99 (0.33–19.61)	0.96 (0.33–19.61)	1.18 (0.50–10.61)	≤0.001	0.98 (0.33–19.61)	1.5 (0.53 10.61)	≤0.001
PT-INR	1.11 (0.75–6.63)	1.08 (0.75–6.63)	1.26 (0.86–5.49)	≤0.001	1.10 (0.75–4.55)	1.50 (0.95–6.63)	≤0.001
Albumin, g/dL	3.5 (1.1–5.8)	3.7 (1.7–5.8)	3.1 (1.1–5.6)	≤0.001	3.6 (1.4–5.8)	2.9 (1.1–5.1)	≤0.001

ICU, intensive care unit; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PT-INR, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio.