Risk Factors for Single and Multiple Recurrences for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Open Choledochotomy in Treating Choledocholithiasis

Table 1

Risk factors for common bile duct stone recurrence (all analyzed patients).

	Recurrence ()	Nonrecurrence ()	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
				OR	95% CI
Sex
Male	99	511	0.973	—	—	—
Female	105	540
Age (years)
<65	119	790	<0.001	—	—	—
≥65	85	261
Diabetes
No	181	992	0.002	2.14	1.197-3.828	0.010
Yes	23	59
Family history of biliary stones
No	156	850	0.177	—	—	—
Yes	48	201
Stone number
Single	48	471	<0.001	3.538	2.373-5.276	<0.001
Multiple	156	580
Maximum stone diameter (mm)
<15	68	715	<0.001	4.322	3.056-6.114	<0.001
≥15	136	336
Operation method
Open choledochotomy	85	478	0.222	—	—	—
Endoscopic retrograde choledocholithotomy	119	573
Cholecystectomy
No	153	837	0.15	—	—	—
Yes	51	214
Sedentary occupations
No	74	617	<0.001	2.357	1.666-2.334	<0.001
Yes	130	434
High-fat diet (postoperative)
No	165	1004	<0.001	3.496	1.939-6.304	<0.001
Yes	39	47
Frequency of weekly vegetable intake (postoperative)
≥4	173	1030	<0.001	6.075	2.981-12.379	<0.001
<4	31	21
Drinking (postoperative)
No	165	951	<0.001	2.125	1.320-3.420	0.002
Yes	39	100
Smoking (postoperative)
No	180	989	0.002	—	—	—
Yes	24	62