Risk Factors for Single and Multiple Recurrences for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Open Choledochotomy in Treating Choledocholithiasis

Table 2

Risk factors for common bile duct stone recurrence (patients with ERCP).

	Recurrence ()	Nonrecurrence ()	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
				OR	95% CI
Sex
Male	55	285	0.572	—	—	—
Female	64	288
Age (years)
<65	71	420	0.003	—	—	—
≥65	48	153
Diabetes
No	106	538	0.039	—	—	—
Yes	13	35
Family history of biliary stones
No	90	453	0.382	—	—	—
Yes	29	120
Stone number
Single	23	195	0.002	2.818	1.684-4.715	<0.001
Multiple	67	325
Maximum stone diameter (mm)
<15	37	291	<0.001	2.954	1.812-4.816	<0.001
≥15	53	162
Endoscopic retrograde choledocholithotomy
EST+EPLBD	37	210	0.049	2.519	1.547-4.102	<0.001
EST or EPBD	53	243
Lithotripsy
No	102	528	0.018	—	—	—
Yes	17	45
Periampullary duodenal diverticulum
No	79	473	<0.001	2.099	1.293-3.409	0.003
Yes	40	100
Cholecystectomy
No	86	435	0.422	—	—	—
Yes	33	138
Sedentary occupations
No	44	321	<0.001	1.796	1.145-2.819	0.011
Yes	75	252
High-fat diet (postoperative)
No	99	546	<0.001	—	—	—
Yes	20	27
Frequency of weekly vegetable intake (postoperative)
≥4	102	564	<0.001	13.898	5.327-36.259	<0.001
<4	17	9
Drinking (postoperative)
No	95	512	0.002	2.109	1.184-3.757	0.011
Yes	24	61
Smoking (postoperative)
No	108	542	0.09	—	—	—
Yes	11	31