Deficient Knowledge on Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriage in an Endemic Area: A Review

Table 1

Summary of hepatitis B knowledge among Chinese population in low and high endemic areas.

First author and year in which study was conducted	Chan et al. [13]; 2008	Chung et al. [21]; 2009	Leung et al. [22]; 2010	Coronado et al. [16]; 2005	Cotler et al. [20]; 2012*	Taylor et al. [17]; 2005	Hislop et al. [18] 2005	Thompson et al. [15]; 1999	Thompson et al. [14]; 1999	Ma et al. [19]; 2004
Study population (n)	Pregnant women; (𝑛=1623)	General public (𝑛=1982)	General public (𝑛=506)	General public (𝑛=430)	Patients attended routine care; (𝑛=201)	General public (𝑛=395)	General public; (𝑛=504)	Women (𝑛=147)	Women (𝑛=124)	General public; (𝑛=429)
Study location	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	Hong Kong	Seattle, USA	Illinois,; USA	Washington, USA	Vancouver, Canada	Vancouver,; Canada	Washington, USA	New York, USA
There is a blood screening test for hepatitis B infection (yes)	93	96	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	55
There is a hepatitis B vaccine available for nonimmune adult (yes)	75	79	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	53
HBV can be spread by someone who looks health (yes)	—	—	—	80	50	79	80	68	48	—
Mode of transmission
Through food or drink (no)	24	53	27	—	31	—	—	—	—	—
Through blood or blood  products (yes)	76	82	65	—	90	—	—	—	—	—
During sexual intercourse (yes)	53	59	44	56	60	54	65	56	48	40
Sharing use of needles (yes)	69	83	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	52
During childbirth (yes)	88	58	67	70	91	70	76	—	—	40
Shaking hands with infected person (no)	50	92	—	—	—	—	—	71	58	85
Sharing razor or toothbrush	—	—	41	—	—	55	68	86	68	52
Tattooing or body piercing	—	—	37	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Sharing eating utensils (yes)	—	—	—	—	57**	84**	89**	—	—	61
Eating food prepared by an infected person (no)	—	—	—	—	—	23	24	41	21	67
Eating food that has been prechewed by an infected person (yes)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	82	69	—
Prevention of transmission
Hepatitis B screening and vaccination (yes)	87	92	—	—	95	—	—	—	—	62
Regular exercise and get enough rest (no)	14	41	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	57/74
Balanced diet and vitamin C (no)	14	98	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	76
Sequelae of infection
Lifelong infection (yes)	—	—	—	38	75	37	45	39	27	—
Cirrhosis (yes)	86	90	—	—	98	75	83	—	—	—
Liver cancer (yes)	83	87	—	71	92	73	81	61	46	72

* Year of paper was published.
**Original answer by authors was “no”.
Each item listed with the correct answer inside parenthesis. Figures were rounded to whole number. Data were presented as percent of correct answer for each item.