Review Article
Bile Duct Leaks from the Intrahepatic Biliary Tree: A Review of Its Etiology, Incidence, and Management
Table 2
Bile leaks after liver resection for benign and malignant tumors.
| Number | Author | | Diagnosis | Bile leak | Comments |
| (1) | Capussotti et al. [6] | 610 | Benign disease 53; Malignant 557 | 22 (3.6%) | Fibrin glue protective; more leaks for peripheral hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and resections involving segment 4 |
| (2) | Yamashita et al. [7] | 781 | Benign 69; malignant 712 | 31 (4%) Benign 2.9%; malignant 4.1% | Major hepatectomy including segment 4 and caudate higher risk; intraop leak test beneficial |
| (3) | Tanaka et al. [8] | 363 | 26 (7.2%) | All malignant | Higher leaks for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma |
| (4) | Lo et al. [9] | 347 | Benign 62; malignant 285 | 28 (8.1%) | Higher leaks for left hepatectomy, left trisegmentectomy, older patients, and cholangiocarcinoma |
| (5) | Jarnagin et al. [25] | 1803 | Benign 161; malignant 1642 | 47 (2.6%) | Higher morbidity for complex resections and patient comorbidity |
| (6) | Imamura et al. [30] | 825 | Benign 31; malignant 794 | 77 (9.3%) | Higher leak for complex resections |
| (6) | Erdogan et al. [31] | 205 | Benign 70; malignant 135 | 13 (6.3%); benign 4.3%, malignant 7.4% | Presence of comorbidity and complex resections associated with higher morbidity |
| (7) | Clarke et al. [32] | 49 | All benign | 3 (6.1%) | Low incidence of leaks for benign lesions |
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