Effects of a Preconditioning Oral Nutritional Supplement on Pig Livers after Warm Ischemia

Figure 4

Immunohistochemistry for TNF-α ((a), (A)), MPO ((b), (B)), and cleaved Caspase-3 ((c), (C)). Conditions as described in Materials and Methods. Eight hrs after reperfusion, tissue was collected and processed for immunohistochemical analysis with light microscopy. The intensity of TNF-α expression (brown staining, black arrows), MPO expression (brown staining, black arrows), and cleaved Caspase-3 (blue halo, black arrows) was significantly higher in controls ((a), (b), (c), resp.) compared to their pONS counterparts ((A), (B), (C), resp.). Pictures depict typical pattern of staining (original magnification: ×200). TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MPO: myeloperoxidase; pONS: preconditioning oral nutritional supplement.