Metabolomic Analysis of Liver Tissue from the VX2 Rabbit Model of Secondary Liver Tumors

Table 4

Relevant metabolites and their relative variation between liver tissue samples from adjacent (LT+) and distant (LT−) to tumor implantation site.

Metabolites	Adjacent to tumor (LT+)	Distant to tumor (LT−)	Type related mechanism
Glucose	↑	—	Increase glucose uptake
Lactate	↑	—	Increased 𝛽-oxidation—increased glycolysis
Glycerol	↑	—	Lipid metabolism
Glycerol-3-phosphate	↑	—	Increased lipids catabolism
Threonic acid	↑	—	Vitamin C metabolite
Inositol	↑	—	Oxidative stress—glutathione synthesis
Ethanolamine	↓	—	Cell replication—membranes
L-serine/L-alanine/glycine	↓	—	Protein synthesis
𝛽-alanine	↓	—	Cell replication—uracil catabolism
Aminomalonic acid	↓	—	Oxidative stress—cysteine metabolism
Citrate	↓	—	Citrate cycle—oxidative-redox mitochondrial status
D-Ribose-5-phosphate	↓	—	Purine synthesis
Uracil	↓	—	Cell replication
1-methyl nicotinamide	↑	—	Nicotinamide catabolism—NNMT activation
GABA	↓	—	Cell replication

↑: for relative increase; ↓: for relative decrease; —: for no relative change. LT+: healthy liver tissue adjacent to the tumor and LT−:healthy liver tissue distant from the tumor.