TLR-Mediated Preterm Birth in Response to Pathogenic Agents

Table 1

Routes of pathogenic entry coupled to specific TLR activations lead to preterm birth via NF-𝜅B-TNF-𝛼 -dependent and independent pathways.

TLR	(PAMP)	Route of Entry	NF-𝜅B	TNF-𝛼	Pregnancy Outcome
TLR2	peptidogylcan	IU	−	−	Preterm Birth^11
TLR3	poly(I:C)	IU	−	−	Preterm Birth^11,up
TLR3	poly(I:C)	Systemic	+	+	Preterm Birth^60
TLR4	LPS/E. coli	IU	N/A	−	Preterm Birth^up
TLR4	LPS/E. coli	Systemic	N/A	++	Preterm Birth^13
TLR9	CpG	IU	N/A	−	Preterm Birth/IUFD^up
TLR9	CpG	Systemic	N/A	++	Preterm Birth/IUFD^15

– ^up is our unpublished data