Bacterial Vaginosis and the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus

Table 2

Odds ratios for prevalent human papillomavirus among all HERS women and by HIV status.

Vaginal infection	HERS overall	HIV infected^1	HIV uninfected^2
	(8920 visits)	(5869 visits)	(3051 visits)
	aOR (95% CL)	aOR (95% CL)	aOR (95% CL)
Bacterial vaginosis	1.14 (1.04, 1.26)	1.15 (1.03, 1.29)	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)
Trichomonas vaginalis	*		1.16 (0.91, 1.49)
Among Candida colonization+		1.05 (0.84, 1.32)
Among Candida colonization -		0.75 (0.62, 0.90)
Vaginal Candida colonization	*		1.12 (0.93, 1.35)
Among Trichomonas vaginalis+		1.36 (1.05, 1.75)
Among Trichomonas vaginalis−		0.97 (0.87, 1.08)

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
aOR (95% CL) = adjusted odds ratio and 95 percent confidence limits.
Generalized linear mixed models with random intercept and slope based on the toeplitz matrix were adjusted for study site, risk behavior cohort, visit number, age group, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, new or multiple male sex partners, and consistency of condom use. Model for HIV-infected women was also adjusted for CD4 group (<200, 200–500, and >500 cells/μL) and logarithm of viral load.
¹Statistical interaction between trichomoniasis and vaginal Candida colonization (𝑃=0.014).
²No statistical interactions detected at the 𝑃<0.15 level.
*No odds ratios are presented for the overall HERS cohort because HIV status significantly modified the associations between trichomoniasis, vaginal Candida colonization, and HPV prevalence.