Bacterial Vaginosis and the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus

Table 4

Hazard ratios for type-specific clearance of human papillomavirus among all HERS women and by HIV status.

Vaginal infection	HERS overall	HIV infected	HIV uninfected
	(1230 HPV infections)	(1016 HPV infections)	(214 HPV infections)
	aHR (95% CL)	aHR (95% CL)	aHR (95% CL)
Trichomonas vaginalis	1.06 (0.88, 1.27)	1.12 (0.91, 1.36)	1.00 (0.56, 1.78)
Bacterial vaginosis
Among Candida colonization +	0.65 (0.51, 0.83)	0.71 (0.55, 0.94)	0.38 (0.16, 0.87)
Among Candida colonization−	0.96 (0.79, 1.15)	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	1.25 (0.77, 2.05)
Vaginal Candida colonization
Among bacterial vaginosis+	0.73 (0.58, 0.93)	0.76 (0.59, 0.99)	0.41 (0.17, 0.96)
Among bacterial vaginosis−	1.07 (0.89, 1.28)	1.00 (0.81, 1.24)	1.36 (0.85, 2.18)

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HPV: human papillomavirus.
aHR (95% CL) = adjusted hazards ratio and 95 percent confidence limits.
Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld extended Cox models were adjusted for study site, risk behavior cohort, visit year at onset of HPV infection, age group, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, new or multiple male sex partners, consistency of condom use, coinfection with another HPV type, and its cancer risk classification. Model for HIV-infected women was also adjusted for CD4 group (<200, 200–500, and >500 cells/μL) and logarithm of viral load.
Statistical interaction between trichomoniasis and vaginal Candida colonization (HIV-infected model: 𝑃=0.111; HIV-uninfected model: 𝑃=0.018).