Review Article
Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Biomedical Tools to Prevent HIV-1, HSV-2, and Unintended Pregnancies
Table 1
Contraceptive and microbicide data on multipurpose prevention technologies.
| | Product/developer (common brands) | In vivo human contraceptive data | In vivo human microbicide data | | Supportive | Supportive | Non-supportive/Inconclusive |
| | Physical barriers |
| | Male condom/several | √ [22] | √ [23] | | | Female condom/several (FC1, FC2, PATH Women’s Condom) | √ [28, 29] | √ [30–32] | | | Female diaphragm/several (Ortho All Flex) | √ [41] | | √ [45, 46] | | SILCS diaphragm/CONRAD | Data in Analysis | Not studied |
| | chemical Barriers: surfactants |
| | Nonoxynol-9/several | √ | | √ [55] | | C31G/BioSyn (SAVVY) | √ [64] | | √ [54, 56] |
| | Chemical barriers: attachment, entry and fusion inhibitors: (polyanionic sulfated or sulfonated polymers) |
| | Cellulose Sulfate (Ushercell, CS)/Polydex Pharmaceuticals, Program for the Topical Prevention of Conception and Disease (Rush University), CONRAD | √ [57] | | √ [58, 61] | | Carrageenan/Population Council (Carraguard, PC-515) | | | √ [59] | | PRO2000/Indevus Pharmaceutical (PRO2000/5) | In vitro, no large human studies | | √ [60, 62] |
| | Acid buffers and vaginal defense enhancers |
| | BufferGel/ReProtect LLC | √ [65] | | √ [62] | | Acidform Gel (Amphora) Instead Sciences | √ [66, 67] | No large human efficacy trials |
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