Clinical Study
Both Acute and Chronic Placental Inflammation Are Overrepresented in Term Stillbirths: A Case-Control Study
Table 2
The odds ratio for maternal and child demographic data and histopathological findings in placentas from stillborns and liveborn controls.
| | Variable | | Total number | Stillborns | Liveborns | |
95% CI | | (%) | (% ) | OR |
| | Maternal age | >34 year | 97 | 39 (40.2) | 58 (59.8) | 1.66 | 1.03–2.68 | | <35 year | 302 | 87 (28.8) | 215 (71.2) | 1 | reference |
| Maternal BMI
| >24.9 | 121 | 51 (42.2) | 70 (57.8) | 2.19 | 1.38–3.46 | | <25.0 | 252 | 63 (25.0) | 189 (75.0) | 1 | reference |
| | Previous miscarriage | Yes | 124 | 35 (28.2) | 45 (36.3) | 1.96 | 1.18–3.24 | | No | 269 | 48 (17.8) | 122 (45.4) | 1 | reference |
| | Smoking at registration in maternity centre | Yes | 30 | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) | 1.75 | 0.82–3.72 | | No | 358 | 109 (30.4) | 249 (69.6) | 1 | reference |
| | Primipara | Yes | 210 | 68 (32.4) | 142 (67.6) | 1.09 | 0.71–1.66 | | No | 183 | 56 (30.6) | 127 (69.4) | 1 | reference |
| Severe illness or pregnancy complication during actual pregnancy
| Yes | 39 | 13 (33.3) | 26 (67.7) | 1.09 | 0.54–2.21 | | No | 360 | 113 (31.4) | 247 (68.6) | 1 | reference |
| Sex of the infant
| Male | 213 | 60 (28.2) | 153 (71.8) | 0.71 | 0.47–1.09 | | Female | 186 | 66 (35.5) | 120 (64.5) | 1 | reference |
| | Small for gestational age | Yes | 35 | 27 (77.1) | 8 (22.9) | 9.03 | 3.97–20.55 | | No | 364 | 99 (27.2) | 265 (72.8) | 1 | reference |
| | Low placental weight versus gestational age | Yes | 154 | 64 (41.6) | 90 (58.4) | 2.05 | 1.33–3.16 | | No | 241 | 62 (25.7) | 179 (74.3) | 1 | reference |
| | Immature placental villi | Yes | 25 | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | 6.33 | 2.57–15.60 | | No | 374 | 108 (28.9) | 266 (71.1) | 1 | reference |
| | Intervillous Thrombosis | Yes | 114 | 43 (37.7) | 71 (62.3) | 1.47 | 0.93–2.33 | | No | 285 | 83 (29.1) | 202 (70.9) | 1 | reference |
| | Infarction | Yes | 130 | 50 (38.5) | 80 (61.5) | 1.59 | 1.02–2.47 | | No | 269 | 76 (28.2) | 193 (71.8) | 1 | reference |
| | | No | 206 | 44 (21.4) | 162 (78.6) | 1 | reference | | Chorioamnionitis (grade) | grade 1 | 120 | 40 (33.3) | 80 (66.7) | 1.84 | 1.11–3.05 | | grade 2-3 | 73 | 42 (57.5) | 31 (42.5) | 4.99 | 2.82–8.83 |
| | Vasculitis and/or Funisitis | Yes | 80 | 37 (46.2) | 43 (53.8) | 2.21 | 1.34–3.66 | | No | 318 | 89 (28.9) | 229 (72.0) | 1 | reference |
| | | No | 362 | 103 (28.4) | 259 (71.6) | 1 | reference | | Villitis (%-grade) | <1% | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 4.02 | 1.29–12.59 | | ≥1% | 24 | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 4.19 | 1.78–9.88 |
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CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; BMI: body mass index.
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