Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Vietnamese American Women

Table 1

Associations between demographic characteristics and Papanicolaou (PAP) testing among Vietnamese women.

Demographic factors	Ever had a Pap test				Odds Ratios
	Yes		No		Single factors		Multiple factors by forward selection
	No.	%	No.	%	Point estimate	95% CI^b	Point estimate	95% CI^b
Age:	760	52.85	678	47.15	*** a		***
>60 years old	243	61.36	153	38.64	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
51–60 years old	218	56.92	165	43.08	0.83	0.63~1.11	0.63**	0.45~0.89
41–50 years old	166	53.90	142	46.10	0.74**	0.54~1.00	0.51***	0.35~0.74
18–40 years old	133	37.89	218	62.11	0.38***	0.29~0.52	0.26***	0.17~0.38
Education level	738	53.40	644	46.60	***		***
Below high school	211	47.50	251	52.50	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
High school	472	57.42	350	42.58	1.60***	1.28~2.02	1.62***	1.23~2.14
Higher education	55	56.12	43	43.88	1.52	0.98~2.36	2.44***	1.35~4.44
Employment status	766	53.27	672	46.73	***		**
Employed	493	56.15	385	43.85	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Unemployed	49	33.79	96	66.21	0.40***	0.28~0.58	0.51**	0.34~0.78
Retired	48	66.67	24	33.33	1.56	0.94~2.60	1.34	0.71~2.53
Homemaker	176	51.31	167	48.69	0.82	0.64~1.06	0.76	0.56~1.05
English speaking ability	766	53.05	678	46.95	**		***
Not at all	269	48.47	286	51.51	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Not well	451	56.73	344	43.27	1.39**	1.12~1.73	1.85***	1.39~2.47
Well	46	48.94	48	51.06	1.02	0.66~1.58	1.77	0.97~3.24
Current marital states	765	53.13	675	46.88	***		***
Married/living as married	606	55.85	479	44.15	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Never married	71	37.57	118	62.43	0.48***	0.35~0.65	0.53**	0.36~0.78
Divorced/separated	25	39.68	38	60.32	0.52*	0.31~0.87	0.45**	0.25~0.82
Widowed	63	61.76	39	38.24	1.28	0.84~1.94	1.30	0.81~2.10
Born in USA	762	53.03	675	46.97	***		**
No	705	52.14	647	47.86	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	57	67.06	28	32.94	1.87**	1.17~2.97	2.22**	1.34~3.66
Years lived in USA	769	53.03	681	46.97	***
1~10 years	226	44.58	281	55.42	1.00	Reference
11~20 years	476	56.13	372	43.87	1.59***	1.28~1.99
21~35 years	67	70.53	28	29.47	2.97***	1.85~4.78
English reading ability	762	52.88	679	47.12	*
Not at all	403	49.94	404	50.06	1.00	Reference
Not well	322	57.30	240	42.70	1.35**	1.08~1.67
Well	37	51.39	35	48.61	1.06	0.65~1.72

Note: a***, **, *indicating significance levels of ≤0.001, ≤0.01, and ≤0.05, respectively;
It was the overall significance when following the factor category names; otherwise, it was the significance of the factor level.
^bCI = confidence interval.