Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Vietnamese American Women

Table 4

Associations between Papanicolaou (PAP) testing and HPV-specific knowledge.

Associated factors	Ever had a Pap test				Unadjusted odds ratios		Adjusted odds ratios
	Yes		No		Point estimate	95% CI	Point estimate	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
HPV causes cervical cancer	702	54.67	582	45.33
No	446	47.35	496	52.65	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	256	74.85	86	25.15	3.31	2.51~4.36***	3.76	2.70~5.24***
HPV is sexually transmitted	688	54.43	576	45.57
No	414	46.46	477	53.54	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	274	73.46	99	26.54	3.19	2.45~4.16***	3.86	2.78~5.35***
Risk factors for HPV:
(1) Early puberty	667	54.67	553	45.33
No	603	55.63	481	44.37	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	64	47.06	72	52.94	0.71	0.50~1.01	0.60	0.39~0.90*
(2) Multiple sexual partners	667	54.67	553	45.33
No	451	51.13	431	48.87	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	216	63.91	122	36.09	1.69	1.31~2.19***	1.78	1.32~2.40***
(3) Partner has multiple sexual partners	667	54.67	553	45.33
No	479	51.39	453	48.61	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	188	65.28	100	34.72	1.78	1.35~2.34***	1.58	1.16~2.16**
(4) Early initiation of sexual activity	667	54.67	553	45.33
No	548	56.09	429	43.91	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	119	48.97	124	51.03	0.75	0.57~1.00*	0.70	0.51~0.96*
(5) Failure to use condoms	667	54.67	553	45.33
No	469	56.03	368	43.97	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	198	51.70	185	48.30	0.84	0.66~1.07	0.75	0.57~0.99*
(6) Who does HPV affect?	642	53.95	548	46.05
Men	139	54.94	114	45.06	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Women	254	44.25	320	55.75	0.65	0.48~0.88**	0.60	0.43~0.83**
Both	249	68.60	114	31.40	1.79	1.29~2.50***	1.86	1.26~2.74***
(7) HPV is symptomatic	711	54.07	604	45.93
Always symptomatic	53	46.90	60	53.10	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Sometimes	123	74.55	42	25.45	3.32	1.99~5.52***	3.72	2.08~6.67***
Never	26	26.26	73	73.74	0.40	0.23~0.72**	0.42	0.22~0.79**
Do not know	509	54.26	429	45.74	1.34	0.91~1.99	1.53	1.00~2.36
(8) HPV is rare	701	54.51	585	45.49
No	615	62.82	364	37.18	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Yes	86	28.01	221	71.99	0.23	0.17~0.35***	0.23	0.17~0.31***

Note: ***, **, *indicating significance levels of ≤0.001, ≤0.01, and ≤0.05, respectively.