Table 5: Factors associated with receipt of prior Pap test in multivariate analyses.

Variable group Associated factors Forward selection adjusted odds ratios     Point estimation 95% CI Access barriers Doctor recommendation for testing ***    No 1.00 Reference  Yes 8.45*** 5.02~14.23 Current health insurance ***    No 1.00 Reference  Yes 3.04*** 2.25~4.11 Difficulty getting time off to see doctor ***    No 1.00 Reference  Yes 0.51*** 0.38~0.69 Knowledge, attitude, and beliefs Pap test can detect cancer early and prolong life ***    Yes 1.00 Reference  Do not know 0.53* 0.32~0.87  No 0.24*** 0.12~0.48 Ever heard of HPV ***    No 1.00 Reference  Yes 2.37*** 1.56~3.59 Can have cancer but no symptoms ***    Yes 1.00 Reference  Do not know 0.68* 0.48~0.97  No 1.47 0.98~2.21 See doctor only when sick **    Yes 1.00 Reference  Do not know 1.21 0.78~1.89  No 1.85** 1.27~2.70 God or higher power controls cancer *    Yes 1.00 Reference  Do not know 0.70* 0.50~0.98  No 0.55** 0.35~0.85 Cancer can be cured if detected early *    Yes 1.00 Reference  Do not know 0.75 0.47~1.21  No 0.34** 0.16~0.74

Note: All demographic variables significant in the univariate logistic regression model (Table 1) were included in the multivariate model. ***, **, *indicating significance levels of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively.