Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Menopause on Risk of Progression of Cervical Dysplasia in Human Immune-Deficiency Virus- (HIV-) Infected Women
Table 3
Multivariate survival analysis of factors associated with progression to cervical SILs.
Variables
Hazard ratio (95% Wald Robust CL)
P value
Antiretroviral therapy
0.0004
HAARTa versus old HAARTb
0.46 (0.31–0.69)
0.0002
HAART versus any ARTc
0.35 (0.19–0.63)
0.0005
HAART versus no ART
0.66 (0.47–0.918)
0.0139
HAART versus othersd
0.47 (0.33–0.68)
<0.0001
Increased CD4 counts (cells/mm3)
0.0007
By 100
0.91 (0.86–0.96)
By 200
0.82 (0.74–0.92)
By 300
0.75 (0.63–0.89)
By 500
0.62 (0.47–0.82)
Duration of HIV infection (by 1 year)
0.88 (0.85–0.91)
<0.0001
Menopausal versus premenopausal (at mean age = 40.87)
1.63 (1.03–2.58)
<0.0001
Age and menopause interaction*
<0.0001
Meno yes versus no at age = 30
3.62 (1.83–7.17)
<0.0005
Meno yes versus no at age = 40
1.74 (1.08–2.79)
<0.0050
Meno yes versus no at age = 50
0.83 (0.57–1.22)
>0.5000
Meno yes versus no at age = 60
0.40 (0.25–0.64)
<0.0005
HIV infection from IV drug use (yes versus no)
1.94 (1.33–2.84)
0.0007
Smoking status
0.0306
Current smokers versus never smoked
1.39 (0.99–1.95)
0.0566
Current smokers versus former smokers
2.07 (1.04–4.16)
0.0397
HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy, ART: antiretroviral therapy. HAART: current standard HAART regimens (two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or integrase strand transfer inhibitors (raltegravir) or salvage regimen. Old HAART: triple combination antiretroviral regimens containing indinavir, saquinavir, fosamprenavir, nelfinavir, or nevirapine. Any ART: not classified as HAART or old HAART. Others: ART regimen except HAART (“old HAART” and “any ART”) and “no ART”. P values are approximations and ages are extrapolations from the regression equation.
