Determinants of Symptomatic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Women in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population () who contributed symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and vaginal Candida species colonization data by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus.
Characteristics
HIV-infected
HIV-uninfected
value
Age in years, median (range)
<0.0001
21 (18–24)
34 (35)
69 (68.3)
30 (25–34)
48 (49.5)
19 (18.8)
40.2 (35–46)
15 (15.5)
13 (12.9)
Major presenting symptoms
0.008
Genital itching and soreness
87 (89.7)
76 (75.3)
vaginal discharge and low abdominal pain
10 (10.3)
25 (24.7)
History of antibiotic use within the past 3 months
64 (65.9)
49 (48.5)
0.013
Condom use
25 (25.8)
14 (13.9)
0.035
Pregnancy
4 (4.1)
19 (18.8)
<0.001
History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within the past 3 months
0.093
Vaginal discharge syndrome
42 (43.3)
36 (35.6)
Genital ulcer syndrome
13 (13.4)
7 (6.9)
No defined sexually transmitted infection
42 (43.3)
58 (57.4)
Currently isolated pathogens for STIs
0.085
Trichomonas vaginalis
15 (15.5)
16 (15.8)
0.683
Chlamydiatrachomatis
7 (7.2)
4 (3.9)
0.228
Neisseriagonorrhoeae
6 (6.2)
5 (4.9)
0.516
Mycoplasma genitalium
2 (2.1)
1 (0.9)
0.456
Herpes simplex virus type 2
8 (8.3)
0 (0)
0.999
STI caused by more than 1 aetiology
13 (13.4)
17 (16.8)
0.93
No identified STI pathogen
46 (47.4)
58 (57.4)
1
Vaginal flora (Nugent's score)
0.819
0 to 3
14 (14.4)
14 (13.9)
4 to 6
8 (8.3)
11 (10.9)
7 to 10
75 (77.3)
76 (75.3)
Absolute count of neutrophil cells in genital fluid
