Maternal Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Use in Pregnancy and Growth Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in Kenya
Table 2
Distribution of mean weight, length, and head circumference (HC) anthropometric measurements and age and sex-adjusted -scores among HEU infants attending 6-week and 9-month immunization visits, by maternal TDF use in pregnancy.
Anthropometric measure
Infants attending 6-week visit
Infants attending 9-month visit
Mean (95% CI) or (%)
Mean (95% CI) or (%)
Total ()
No maternal TDF use during pregnancy ()
Any maternal TDF use during pregnancy1 ()
value2
Total ()
No maternal TDF use during pregnancy ()
Any maternal TDF use during pregnancy1 ()
value2
Weight
Absolute weight-(kg)
4.6 (4.4, 4.7)
4.7 (4.5, 4.8)
4.3 (4.1, 4.6)
0.015
8.3 (8.1, 8.5)
8.4 (8.1, 8.7)
8.1 (7.7, 8.6)
0.302
Absolute WAZ
−0.5 (−0.7, −0.3)
−0.4 (−0.6, −0.1)
−0.8 (−1.2, −0.5)
0.033
−0.4 (−0.6, −0.1)
−0.3 (−0.6, 0.0)
−0.6 (−1.2, 0.0)
0.306
WAZ < −2 SD
13 (8%)
7 (7%)
6 (12%)
0.288
17 (14%)
10 (12%)
7 (18%)
0.336
Absolute WLZ
0.5 (0.1, 0.9)
0.6 (0.1, 1.1)
0.3 (−0.3, 0.9)
0.462
0.3 (−0.1, 0.7)
0.4 (−0.2, 0.9)
0.1 (−0.5, 0.8)
0.597
WLZ < −2 SD
21 (14%)
16 (16%)
5 (10%)
0.317
12 (10%)
7 (9%)
5 (13%)
0.432
Length
Absolute length (cm)
52.9 (51.2, 53.7)
53.0 (52.0, 54.0)
52.8 (51.6, 53.9)
0.766
68.1 (66.9, 69.2)
68.2 (66.7, 69.7)
67.7 (66.3, 69.2)
0.710
Absolute LAZ
−1.2 (−1.5, −0.8)
−1.2 (−1.6, −0.7)
−1.2 (−1.7, −0.6)
0.951
−1.0 (−1.5, −0.5)
−1.0 (−1.7, −0.3)
−1.1 (−1.9, −0.3)
0.797
LAZ < −2 SD
58 (37%)
39 (38%)
19 (37%)
0.976
36 (30%)
22 (26%)
14 (37%)
0.232
Head circumference (HC)
Absolute HC (cm)
38.7 (38.3, 39.0)
38.7 (38.3, 39.1)
38.5 (37.9, 39.1)
0.596
44.0 (43.6, 44.4)
44.0 (43.5, 44.5)
44.0 (43.2, 44.8)
0.995
Absolute HCZ
0.7 (0.4, 1.0)
0.7 (0.4, 1.1)
0.7 (0.2, 1.2)
0.892
−0.3 (−0.7, 0.0)
−0.3 (−0.7, 0.1)
−0.4 (−1.1, 0.4)
0.873
HCZ < −2 SD
4 (3%)
2 (2%)
2 (4%)
0.461
22 (18%)
14 (17%)
8 (21%)
0.560
SD = standard deviation. . 1Maternal TDF use defined as any reported TDF-containing ART regimen used for any amount of time during pregnancy among mothers that used combination ART while pregnant. 2Chi-squared test for proportions or 2-sample -test for means.
