Preservation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Grains against Cowpea Bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus) Using Neem and Moringa Seed Oils

Table 1

Interaction of oil types and various concentrations of the oils on number of eggs laid by C. maculatus on cowpea samples after different storage periods.

Oil type	Oil concentration (mL)
	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5	Mean	LSD at 0.05	Prob. of F
30 Days
PN	686.00	10.00	23.00	10.00
PM	283.00	105.00	25.00	15.00
NM1 : 1	891.00	37.00	66.00	25.00
NM1 :  2	955.00	34.00	34.00	22.00
NM1 :  3	649.00	34.00	27.00	26.00	190.90	185.80	<0.001
60 Days
PN	3667.00	10.00	20.00	8.00
PM	2401.00	1474.00	247.00	15.00
NM1 :  1	3787.00	55.00	80.00	47.00
NM1 :  2	5073.00	38.00	36.00	33.00
NM1 : 3	5387.00	32.00	34.00	15.00	1123.00	1135.70	0.001
90 Days
PN	6513.00	8.00	19.00	8.00
PM	2263.00	1986.00	29.00	12.00
NM1 :  1	5607.00	64.00	63.00	45.00
NM1 :  2	3004.00	51.00	57.00	40.00
NM1 : 3	2862.00	36.00	30.00	21.00	1135.90	1275.50	<0.001
120 Days
PN	0.00	11.00	32.00	16.00
PM	0.00	2137.00	1078.00	16.00
NM1 :  1	0.00	77.00	67.00	42.00
NM1 : 2	0.00	48.00	39.00	46.00
NM1 :  3	0.00	34.00	33.00	25.00	185.05	491.20	<0.001
150 Days
PN	0.00	14.00	20.00	8.00
PM	0.00	2364.00	1737.00	18.00
NM1 :  1	0.00	88.00	62.00	38.00
NM1 :  2	0.00	38.00	50.00	39.00
NM1 :  3	0.00	36.00	31.00	22.00	228.25	338.00	<0.001
180 Days
PN	0.00	9.70	16.00	12.30
PM	0.00	248.00	123.30	7.70
NM1 :  1	0.00	55.30	70.70	45.70
NM1 : 2	0.00	42.70	53.70	45.30
NM1 :  3	0.00	29.00	29.30	22.00	40.54	61.94	<0.001

PN = pure neem.
PM = pure moringa.
NM 1 : 1 = neem-moringa oil in ratio 1 : 1.
NM 1 : 2 = neem-moringa oil in ratio 1 : 2.
NM 1 :  3 = neem-moringa oil in ratio 1 : 3.