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| Analyte | Matrix | Extraction procedure | Clean-up | Technique | Limit of detection | Recovery | Reference |
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| BAs | Milk and ovine muscle | 10 g of milk simple + 10.0 mL ACN + 5 g MgSO4:NaCl | DSPE | HPLC-MS/MS | 2.2–2.08 µg Kg−1 (milk) | 108.0–106.0% | [89] |
| The mixture was shaken and centrifuged; the supernatant was cleaned by DMSO solution | 771.0–746.0 µg Kg−1 (muscle) | 109.0–108.0% |
|
| BZDs | Eggs | 3 g of sample + ACN + 4 g of MgSO4/1 g of NaCl/1.0 mL of ammonium formate solution (10.3 M, pH 7.5)
The mixture was centrifuged and diluted with the standard solution CBZ D3 | DSPE PSA/MgSO4 | CE-MS | 3.0–51.0 μg L−1 | 74.0–112.0% | [20] |
|
| CAP, TAP, and FF | Milk and honey | 2 g sample + 15.0 mL of 1% HAc + 4 g Na2SO4 + 1 g NaCl shaken and centrifuged. Supernatant with 15 g of C18, 0.35 g of C18 endcapped sorbents and 0.5 g of QuE Z-Sep+ | QuEChERS Z-Sep+/C18 | LC-MS/MS | 0.02−0.045 ng g−1 | 95.8–100.2% (milk) | [53] |
| The supernatant was evaporated and reconstituted in 0.5 mL of 10% CAN/water | 95.6–99.3% (honey) |
|
| Multiresidue | Chicken tissue | Extraction by SPE, supernatant was added 500 mg (NH2 or PSA), shaken, and centrifuged
An aliquot of sample was evaporated and dissolved in ACN/water | DSPE/NH2/PSA | LC-MS/MS | 0.27–444.0 μg g−1 | 37.0–89.0% | [90] |
|
| Multiresidue | Honey | A modified QuEChERS without addition of PSA followed by evaporation under vacuum was employed + 4 g of MgSO4 and 1 g NaCl, shaken and centrifuged and reconstituted into 1.0 mL of ammonium formate in MeOH/water | QuEChERS | LC-MS/MS | 0.12–0.74 μg kg−1 | 90.9–104.8% | [91] |
|
| Multiresidue | Muscle tissue | 5 g of sample + 10.0 mL 2% HAc:ACN + 2 g NaCl + 40 g Na2SO4
The mixture was centrifuged and reconstituted in ACN/formic acid | QuEChERS/C18 | UHPLC-MS/MS | 0.007–66.715 µg kg−1 | 60.0–120.0% | [92] |
|
| Multiresidue | Eggs | 10 g of sample + 1% of acetic acid/ACN/0.1 M Na2EDTA solution, with 4 g of MgSO4/1 g sodium acetate
The mixture was centrifuged and diluted with MeOH/formic acid, 0.05% | PSA | UHPLC-MS/MS | 2.1–220.8 mg kg−1 | 70.4–94.8% | [51] |
|
| Multiresidue | Milk | 10 g of sample + 1% of acetic acid in ACN/0.1 M Na2EDTA solution, with 4 g of MgSO4/1 g of sodium acetate
The mixture was centrifuged and diluted with MeOH/formic acid, 0.01% | DSPE/PSA | UHPLC-MS/MS | 1.0–4.0 mg kg−1 | 70.0–110.0% | [50] |
|
| Multiresidue | Chicken muscle | 5 g of the sample + water/1% acetic acid/in a solution of ACN:water
0.5 g of sodium citrate dibasic + 1 g sodium citrate dehydrate and 4 g MgSO4
The mixture was centrifuged and diluted with formic acid 0.1% in ACN:water | PSA | UHPLC-MS/S | 3.0–6.0 μg L−1 | 70.0–120.0% | [93] |
|
| Multiresidue | Fish muscle | 5 g of sample + water, in ACN:MeOH solution
4 g of MgSO4/1 g of sodium acetate
The mixture was centrifuged and diluted with mixture 0.1% formic acid in ACN and 0.1% formic acid in water | — | UHPLC-MS/S | 7.5 μg kg−1 | 69.0–125.0% | [88] |
|
| Multiresidue | Feedstuffs | 2 g of ground sample + MeOH:ACN
The mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was diluted with MeOH:0.1% formic acid | DSPE/PSA | LC-MS/MS | 0.42–5.74 μg kg−1 | 56.7–103.0% | [94] |
|
| Multiresidues | Bovine muscle | 2 g sample + 10.0 mL of ACN/water, shaken, centrifuged and 10.0 mL of hexane/can. Reconstituted with 0.1% formic acid
Clean-up: hexane; C18; Z-Sep+; Z-Sep (only) and Z-Sep + C18; C18 + hexane; Z-Sep+ + hexane; Z-Sep + hexane; Z-Sep + C18 + hexane | Z-Sep/C18 | UHPLC-MS/MS | — | 70.0–120.0% | [55] |
|
| Multiresidues | Animal tissues | DSPE: 2 g sample + 10.0 mL of ACN/water was shaken and centrifuged
The DSPE cleanup with 500 mg endcapped C18 sorbent + 1.5 mL water in 2 g sample, the final extracts equivalence of 0.174 g mL−1 in ≈7 : 3 ACN/water. | DSPE-EMR-L | UHPLC-MS/MS | — | 32.0–140.0% (DSPE) | [15] |
EMR-L: 2 g sample + 10.0 mL ACN/5% formic acid was shaken and centrifuged
5.0 mL of 5 mM NH4HCO2 was added to the EMR-L tube which contains 1 g of the proprietary material and clean-up with 5.0 mL ACN + 2 g MgSO4. | 4.0–148.0% (EMR-L) |
|
| NSAIDs | Milk | 5 g of sample + 10.0 mL of 5% HAc:ACN, + NH4HCO2 + 4.0 mL of ascorbic acid 0.02 M in HCl 0.24 M + 5 g Na2SO4. The mixture was centrifuged and cleaned with C18-MgSO4 and diluted to 500 μL with 0.1% formic acid | QuEChERS | HPLC-MS/MS | 0.4–1.5 μg kg−1 | 78.1–97.1% | [27] |
|
| QNs | Honey | 1 g sample + 30 mM NaH2PO4 buffer pH 7.0 + 5% formic acid in ACN
The mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was dried under a stream of nitrogen
The residue was diluted with H2O/ACN/formic acid | — | UHPLC-MS/S | 0.2–4.1 μg kg−1 | 70.1–93.7% | [95] |
|
| SAs | Chicken muscle and eggs | 5 g sample + 5.0 mL water + 10.0 mL ACN: 1% HAc was shaken and 4 g MgSO4 + 1 g NaOAc shaken and centrifuged
Cleaning up MeCN-based and supernatant + 300 mg of Z-Sep+ and once dried was redissolved with 1.0 mL MeOH/water | QuEChERS/PSA/QuE Z-Sep+ | HPLC-FLD | 4.66–28.33 μg kg−1 | 65.9–88.1% | [54] |
|
| β2-agonist | Meat | 5 g sample + 4.0 mL of 0.05 M acetate pH 5.2 + 50 μL of β-glucuronidase-arylsulphatase
The supernatant with DVB-NVP-SO3Na, shaken, centrifuged, and dissolved in 0.4 mL of MeOH/water containing 0.1% formic acid | QuEChERS | LC-MS/MS | 0.2–0.9 μg kg−1 | 65.0–100.0% | [28] |
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