CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

Table 1

Some promising biomarkers in diagnosis of AD.

Category	Markers	Advantages	Limitations	References
Imaging		(1) Noninvasive	(1) Expensive	[12–14]
	CT, PET, PIB-PET,	(2) Provides structural and functional	(2) Requires experienced personnel
	MRI	details of brain immediately	(3) The sensitivity and specificity to
		(3) Can reveal disease progression	AD is not satisfactory
Plasma	𝛼2-Macroglobulin,	(1) Noninvasive	(1) Less correlation to AD	[15–17]
	Complement	(2) Samples are easily accessible	(2) Less sensitive and specific for AD
	factor H, A𝛽42		diagnosis (due to epitope masking)
CSF	A𝛽42, t-tau,	(1) Can correlate AD directly	(1) Invasive, sample has to be collected	[10, 18]
	p-tau p-tau/A𝛽42,	(2) Highly sensitive and specific	by lumbar puncture
	t-tau/A𝛽42	(3) Can detect AD progression	(2) Irreproducible diagnosis due to
			sample storage and transportation