Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Table 1
Characteristics of the patients and CSF concentrations of the analyzed biomarkers.
Positive ELD
Negative ELD
P
N. patients
26
9
Median age at ELD (range)
74 (65–88)
77 (69–88)
.29
Median age at onset (range)
71.5 (62–86)
75 (68–88)
.14
Male/female
13/13
5/4
.77 ()
Gait ()
25
9
.55 ()
Cognition ()
21
9
.16 ()
Incontinence ()
14
6
.50 ()
Major symptom gait/cogn/inc
21/2/1
7/1/1
.72 ()
2 cases n.d.*
Shunt
25
1
Shunt response fair/good/exc
1/3/21
0/0/1
NFL pg/mL
1940**± 2662 (280–>10000)
2046 ± 2886 (483–9306)
.92
Total tau pg/mL
274 ± 358 (44–1860)
291 ± 283 (89–983)
.90
A pg/mL
250 ± 179 (31–765)
209 ± 120 (102–486)
.52
Total tau/A > 1.15
7 (27%)
4 (44%)
.33 ()
p-Tau181 pg/mL
55 ± 45 (16–234)
53 ± 25 (24–95)
.88
TNF-α pg/mL
0.7 ± 1.1 (0–4.9)
1.3 ± 1.4 (0–3.4)
.16
TGFβ-1 pg/mL
61 ± 24 (29–146)
71 ± 62 (20–228)
.52
VEGF pg/mL
n.d.***
n.d.***
The values are given as mean±SD (range) unless otherwise stated.
*not able to determine one major symptom.
** two cases with concentration >10 000 pg/mL (10 000 used as a value and therefore the real mean value is expected to be higher.)
***not determined due to low concentration. ELD: external lumbar drainage test, NFL: neurofilament light chain, t-tau: total tau, p-tau181: phosphorylated tau181, A: amyloid-, TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-α, TGFβ1: transforming growth factor β1, and VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
