A Factor Analytic Approach to Symptom Patterns in Dementia

Table 5

Rating scales for differential diagnosis of dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease scale		Frontotemporal dementia scale		Hachinski Ischemic Score, HIS
Symptom/item	Score	Symptom/item	Score	Symptom/item	Score
Slow progression	1	Slow progression	1	Abrupt onset	2
Early loss of insight	1	Early loss of insight	2	Stepwise progression	1
Early amnesia for remote events	2	Early signs of disinhibition	2	Fluctuating course	2
Early spatial disorientation		Irritability, dysphoria	1	Nocturnal confusion	1
(impaired sense of locality)	2	Confabulation spontaneous	1	Relative preservation of personality	1
Dyspraxia, dysphasia, dysgnosia, (all		Logorrhea, (voluble speech)	1	Depression	1
symptoms present to some extent)	2	Progressive reduction of speech	1	Somatic complaints	1
Logoclonia, (stuttering-like speech		Stereotypy of speech	1	Emotional incontinence	1
disturbance)	2	Echolalia, late mutism, amimia, (at		History of hypertension	1
Logorrhoea, (voluble speech)	1	least two of three symptoms during the		History of strokes	2
Progressive reduction of speech	1	course)	2	Evidence of associated
Epileptic seizure of late onset	1	Klüver-Bucy syndrome,		atherosclerosis	1
Increased muscular tension	2	(hyperorality, hypersexuality		Focal neurological symptoms	2
Myoclonic twitchings	1	utilization behaviour)	1	Focal neurological signs	2
Klüver-Bucy syndrome, (hyperorality,
hypersexuality, utilization behaviour)	1
Total score		Total score		Total score
Max score 17		Max score 13		Max score 18