Chinese-Language Montreal Cognitive Assessment for Cantonese or Mandarin Speakers: Age, Education, and Gender Effects

Table 3

Comparison of age, gender, test language, and MoCA-ChLA score among the three education groups.

Variables	Education 1–6 years (n = 178)	Education 7–11 years (n = 282)	Education 12–20 years (n = 732)	P value^1	Adjusted P value^2
Age in years, mean ± SD	63.6 ± 9.7	61.1 ± 8.8	62.8 ± 10.4	0.01
Female, no. (%)	128 (71.9)	172 (61.0)	434 (59.3)	0.01
Testing language, no. (%)
Cantonese	134 (75.3)	167 (59.2)	274 (37.4)	<0.0001
Mandarin	44 (24.7)	115 (40.8)	453 (61.9)
Taiwanese	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (0.7)
Unadjusted MoCA, mean ± SD	20.2 ± 4.7	23.1 ± 3.9	25.0 ± 3.6	<0.0001
Adjusted MoCA^2, lsmean ± SE	19.7 ± 0.6	22.3 ± 0.6	24.3 ± 0.6		<0.0001

¹P value obtained from Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, from Chi-square test for gender, from Fisher exact test for testing language.
²P value obtained from nonparametric analysis of covariance with adjustment for age, gender, and testing language.