Will Posttranslational Modifications of Brain Proteins Provide Novel Serological Markers for Dementias?

Table 4

Proteins, proteases, and the consequences in relation to dementia.

Protein	Normal function	Protease	Alteration and consequence	Disease	Reference
APP	Lipid metabolism, axonal transport??	α,β,γ-Secretases; ADAMs; MMPs	Fragmentation, generation of Aβ, formation of amyloid plaques	AD	[28, 94, 95]
tau	Microtubule stabilizing protein	Caspase; Calpain	C-terminal truncation in AD and aggregation causing NFTs	AD	[28, 73–75]
α-Synuclein	Molecular chaperone	MMPs; calpain; cathepsins	Truncation and aggregation leading to Lewy bodies	DLB	[34, 35, 96, 97]
TDP-43	Transcription and splicing regulation, apoptosis, cell division, and stabilisation of messenger RNA	Caspase?	C-terminal truncation, aggregation formation of Lewy bodies	FTLD-TDPAD	[37, 39, 98, 99]
FUS	Transcription factor	??	??	FTLD-FUS	[39]
GFAP	Neurofilament	Caspase	Truncation and neuronal death	Alexander disease	[100]