Effects of Anosognosia on Perceived Stress and Cortisol Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease

Table 1

Demographic information for the normal elderly, individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairement, newly diagnosed, and long-lasting Alzheimer’s disease patients.

	NE	MCI	New AD	Old AD
Age	77.7 (1.3)	77.1 (1.3)	80.0 (0.8)	77.9 (1.4)
Education	15.2 (0.6)	15.9 (1.0)	13.1 (1.6)	13.9 (1.3)
Gender (M : W)*	9 : 13	14 : 7	7 : 5	14 : 2
MMSE*	28.7 (1.4)	27.8 (2.0)	26.0 (1.9)	20.1 (5.9)
MoCA*	27.2 (0.6)	23.5 (0.7)	19.1 (1.7)	14.8 (1.4)
PSS-10 adjusted
Participant	7.6 (0.92)	12.6 (1.4)	8.8 (1.7)	10.2 (8.0)
Relative*	9.3 (1.5)	11.3 (6.3)	15.1 (7.4)	19.2 (6.7)
ANO*	−0.5 (1.2)	1.0 (2.1)	10.9 (1.7)	19.2 (3.8)

This table represents the mean (standard error of the mean) and men to women ratio (M : W) for the 22 normal elderly (NE), 21 individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 12 newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease patients (new AD), and 17 long-lasting Alzheimer’s disease patients (old AD). Age and education are in years. MMSE stands for Mini-Mental State Evaluation; MoCA stands for Montreal Cognitive Assessment, PSS-10 adjusted stands for 10-item Perceived Stress Scale out of 8, adjusted to a score of 10, as reported by the participants themselves, and as reported by their relatives; ANO stands for anosognosia for dementia score. *Denotes a significant group difference with a 𝑃-value less than 0.05.