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| | Methods | Samples* | Results** |
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| El-Agnaf et al. [57] | ELISA | Plasma Cont (27), PD/DLB (34) | α-Synuclein oligomers were elevated in patients with PD/DLB compared to controls. |
| Lee et al. [58] | ELISA | Plasma Cont (51), PD (105), MSA (38) | The α-synuclein level was increased in patients with PD (79.9 pg/mL) and in those with MSA (78.1 pg/mL) compared with controls (76.1 pg/mL). The α-synuclein level was significantly higher in patients with PD than in those with MSA. |
Duran et al. [59] | ELISA | Plasma Cont (60), PD (95) | The α-synuclein level was elevated in patients with PD compared to healthy controls. Antiparkinsonian treatment does not change plasma α-synuclein level. |
| Foulds et al. [60] | ELISA | Plasma (not described) | The level of phosphorylated α-synuclein was higher in patients with PD than healthy controls. None of the levels of total α-synuclein, oligomeric α-synuclein, or oligomeric phospohorylated α-synuclein was different between PD patients and controls. |
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| Shi et al. [61] | Bead-based flow cytometric assay | Plasma Cont (95), AD (33), PD (117) | No significant difference was found among patients with PD (36.8 ng/mL), AD (32.4 ng/mL), and those with healthy controls (39.5 ng/mL). |
| Park et al. [51] | ELISA | Plasma Cont (29), PD(23) | There was no difference in oligomeric and total α-synuclein in plasma between PD patients and controls. |
|
| Li et al. [62] | IP-Western blot | Plasma Cont (11), PD (27) | The α-synuclein level was significantly lower in patients with PD than in those with age-matched healthy controls. Early-onset PD patients had lower α-synuclein levels than late-onset PD patients. |
| Laske et al. [63] | ELISA | Serum Cont (40), AD (80), DLB (40) | The α-synuclein level was significantly lower in patients with DLB (4.7 ng/mL) than in those with AD (7.0 ng/mL) and healthy controls (8.1 ng/mL). |
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