Autonomous Planning of Multigravity-Assist Trajectories with Deep Space Maneuvers Using a Differential Evolution Approach

Table 4

Bounds of Earth-Mars mission's design variables: first step.

Design variables	Lower bound	Upper bound
No. of swing-by maneuvers	0	2
Swing-by planets	2 (Venus)	6 (Saturn)
Departure date, 𝑡𝑑	01-Jun-2004	01-July-2004
Arrival date, 𝑡𝑎	01-Apr-2005	01-July-2005
Time of flight (days)/leg, 𝑇1,…,𝑇𝑖	40	300
Swing-by normalized pericenter altitude, ℎ1,…,ℎ𝑖	0.8	5
Swing-by plane rotation angle (rad), 𝜂1,…,𝜂𝑖	0	2𝜋
DSM (km/s), Δ𝑣1,…,Δ𝑣𝑘	−5	5