Enhanced Hybrid Differential Evolution for Earth-Moon Low-Energy Transfer Trajectory Optimization

Table 10

Comparison between DEMR and other algorithms on different types of functions.

(a) F1–F5: Unimodal functions

Algorithms	CMA-ES	LBBO	GL-25	SaDE	MPEDE	SHADE
	4	3	3	3	4	4
	1	1	2	2	1	1
=	0	1	0	0	0	0

(b) F6–F12: Multimodal-basic functions

Algorithms	CMA-ES	LBBO	GL-25	SaDE	MPEDE	SHADE
	2	2	1	2	1	4
	3	2	5	4	4	3
=	2	3	1	1	2	0

(c) F13-F14: Multimodal-expanded functions

Algorithms	CMA-ES	LBBO	GL-25	SaDE	MPEDE	SHADE
	0	0	0	1	0	1
	2	1	2	1	1	0
=	0	1	0	0	1	1

(d) F15–F25: Multimodal-hybrid composition functions

Algorithms	CMA-ES	LBBO	GL-25	SaDE	MPEDE	SHADE
	0	2	2	4	3	4
	9	7	7	5	4	5
=	2	2	2	2	4	2