Research Article

Thermal Characteristics of a Stratospheric Airship with Natural Convection and External Forced Convection

Table 2

Empirical equations for forced convection heat transfer.

Proposed byGeometry modelEmpirical equation

Dai and Fang [21]Ellipsoid(vi)
Carlson and Horn [13]Sphere(vii)
Kreith [17]Horizontal flat panel(viii)
Incropera and De Witt [15]Horizontal flat panel(ix)
Holman [16]Horizontal flat panel(x)
Kishore and Gu [18]Ellipsoid(xi)
Incropera and De Witt [15]Sphere(xii)
Richter and Nikrityuk [19]Ellipsoid(xiii)