Can 𝜆/4 Radiators Be Really Isotropic?

Figure 2

(a) 𝐸-plane radiation pattern (𝜑 = 0° cut) of the ideal 𝜆/4 antenna element for 𝐻=𝑊, measured in wavelengths. The pattern becomes more isotropic as 𝑊 and 𝐻 become smaller. (b) 𝐻-plane radiation pattern (𝜑 = 90° cut) of the ideal 𝜆/4 antenna element for 𝐻=𝑊, measured in wavelengths. The pattern becomes more isotropic as 𝑊 and 𝐻 become smaller.

(a)

(b)