International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Research Article

Bounding the Practical Error of Path Loss Models

Table 1

Models studied along with their categorization, required input, coverage remarks, relevant citations, and year of (initial) publication.
Name Short name Category Coverage notesCitations Year
Friis Freespace friis Foundational [5] 1946
Egli egli Basic 30 MHz < < 3 GHz [6, 7] 1957
Hata-Okumura hata Basic 1 km < < 10 km
150 ≤ ≤ 1500 MHz
 m
 [8] 1968
Edwards-Durkin edwards Basic/Terrain [9] 1969
Allsebrook-Parsons allsebrook Basic/Terrain  MHz; urban [10] 1977
Blomquist-Ladell blomquist Basic/Terrain [11] 1977
Longley-Rice Irregular itm Terrain 1 km < < 2000 km [12] 1982
Terrain Model (ITM)20 MHz < < 20 GHz
Walfisch-Bertoni bertoni Basic [13] 1988
Flat-Edge flatedge Basic [14] 1991
TM90 tm90 Basic 10 miles
 feet		 [15] 1991
COST-231 cost231 Basic 1 km < < 20 km [16] 1993
Walfisch-Ikegami walfisch Basic 200 m < < 5 km;
800 MHz < < 2 GHz
4 m  m
1 m  m		 [16] 1993
Two-Ray (Ground Reflection) two.ray Foundational [17] 1994
Hata-Davidson davidson Basic 1 km < < 300 km
150 MHz < < 1.5 GHz
30 m 1500 m
1 m 20 m		 [18] 1997
Oda oda Basic [19] 1997
Erceg-Greenstein erceg Basic  GHz; suburban [20] 1998
Directional Gain Reduction grf Supplementary Dir. Recv. Ant.,  GHz [21] 1999
Factor (GRF)
Rural Hata rural.hata Basic  MHz
Rural (Lithuania)		 [22] 2000
ITU Terrain itu Terrain [7, 23] 2001
Stanford University sui Basic  GHz [24] 2001
Interim (SUI)
Green-Obaidat green Basic [25] 2002
ITU-R itur Basic 1 km 10 km
1.5 GHz 2 GHz
30 m 200 m
1 m 10 m		 [23] 2002
ECC-33 ecc33 Basic 1 km  km
 MHz
 m
 [26] 2003
Riback-Medbo fc Supplementary460 MHz  GHz [27] 2006
ITU-R 452 itur452 Terrain [28] 2007
IMT-2000 imt2000 Basic Urban [29] 2007
deSouza desouza Basic  GHz;  m [30] 2008
Effective Directivity edam Supplementary Directional antennas  GHz [31] 2009
Antenna Model (EDAM)
Herring Air-to-Ground herring.atg Basic  GHz [32] 2010
Herring Ground-to-Ground herring.gtg Basic  GHz [32] 2010