Application Article
Joint Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Particle Swarm Optimization for UWB Systems
Table 3
Optimized values for PHMA at the lower frequency of 3.1, 4.8, 7.4, 8.5, and 10.2 GHz.
| | Sr. No. | Observed parameters | Desired | Calculated | Geometric dimensions | | H | p |
| | 1 | Frequency | 3.10 | 3.101416659 | 0.511759365 | 0.931935721 | | Bandwidth | 7.50 | 7.513583341 | | Quality factor | 0.76 | 0.793112080 |
| | 2 | Frequency | 4.80 | 4.812380337 | 0.267555702 | 0.756623112 | | Bandwidth | 5.80 | 5.793619663 | | Quality factor | 1.23 | 1.256119482 |
| | 3 | Frequency | 7.40 | 7.429916694 | 0.232594737 | 0.362174730 | | Bandwidth | 3.20 | 3.170083306 | | Quality factor | 2.77 | 2.961862883 |
| | 4 | Frequency | 8.50 | 8.500091680 | 0.205209433 | 0.323407760 | | Bandwidth | 2.10 | 2.110208320 | | Quality factor | 4.52 | 4.679466376 |
| | 5 | Frequency | 10.20 | 10.211035670 | 0.176532980 | 0.276123401 | | Bandwidth | 0.40 | 0.399963210 | | Quality factor | 26.00 | 26.912348760 |
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