Analysis and Design of Cavity-Backed Probe-Fed Hybrid Microstrip Antennas on FR4 Substrate

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">CBHM-PD</td><td align="center">CBHM-HFSS</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="12.1436pt" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 17.0065 12.1436" width="17.0065pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M669 636L663 650H260C230 650 221 652 208 675H186C177 621 162 548 144 481L173 479C195 534 211 560 226 578C248 604 266 615 373 615H544C460 511 114 112 23 16L31 0H561C577 34 611 135 622 170L594 182C566 125 544 88 515 65C481 38 416 35 319 35C249 35 197 37 152 41C270 184 542 501 669 636Z" id="g113-91"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="692" vert-adv-y="692"></glyph.data></g><g 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vert-adv-y="273"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,45.02,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,51.26,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,57.5,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="228" vert-adv-y="228"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.464,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,66.704,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Directivity <svg height="11.439pt" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 4.60146 11.439" width="4.60146pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M290 -163V-135C183 -126 181 -122 181 -44V583C181 662 184 666 290 675V703H120V-163H290Z" id="g113-92"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="345" vert-adv-y="345"></glyph.data></g></svg>dB<svg height="11.439pt" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 4.60146 11.439" width="4.60146pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M226 -163V703H56V676C162 667 165 662 165 584V-43C165 -122 162 -126 56 -136V-163H226Z" id="g113-94"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="345" vert-adv-y="345"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td align="center">6.7</td><td align="center">7.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Radiation efficiency <svg height="11.439pt" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 4.60146 11.439" width="4.60146pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M290 -163V-135C183 -126 181 -122 181 -44V583C181 662 184 666 290 675V703H120V-163H290Z" id="g113-92"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="345" vert-adv-y="345"></glyph.data></g></svg>%<svg height="11.439pt" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 4.60146 11.439" width="4.60146pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M226 -163V703H56V676C162 667 165 662 165 584V-43C165 -122 162 -126 56 -136V-163H226Z" id="g113-94"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="345" vert-adv-y="345"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td align="center">70.7</td><td align="center">67.3</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Electric characteristics of CBHM antennas.

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Analysis and Design of Cavity-Backed Probe-Fed Hybrid Microstrip Antennas on FR4 Substrate 