Research Article
Modeling of the Land Mobile Satellite Channel considering the Terminal’s Driving Direction
Table 2
Semi-Markov parameters (good and bad state) for urban environment for variable driving directions and elevations.
| Elevation | Front | Front-right | Right | Back-right | Back | Back-left | Left | Front-left |
| Log-normal mean | 85 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.29 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 80 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.32 | 1.29 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 75 | 1.29 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.35 | 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 70 | 1.30 | 1.45 | 1.53 | 1.39 | 1.20 | 1.13 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 65 | 1.30 | 1.54 | 1.60 | 1.50 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.42 | 1.16 | 60 | 1.32 | 1.60 | 1.66 | 1.60 | 1.27 | 1.42 | 1.61 | 1.29 | 55 | 1.39 | 1.65 | 1.70 | 1.64 | 1.29 | 1.57 | 1.71 | 1.46 | 50 | 1.43 | 1.71 | 1.81 | 1.70 | 1.35 | 1.68 | 1.76 | 1.58 | 45 | 1.49 | 1.80 | 1.90 | 1.78 | 1.40 | 1.74 | 1.82 | 1.66 | 40 | 1.55 | 1.85 | 1.90 | 1.85 | 1.50 | 1.82 | 1.85 | 1.75 | 35 | 1.61 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 1.59 | 1.85 | 1.87 | 1.82 | 30 | 1.67 | 1.99 | 2.06 | 2.07 | 1.68 | 1.87 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 25 | 1.72 | 2.05 | 2.16 | 2.22 | 1.80 | 1.94 | 1.96 | 1.92 | 20 | 1.83 | 2.11 | 2.22 | 2.35 | 1.87 | 2.10 | 2.09 | 2.05 | 15 | 2.04 | 2.21 | 2.27 | 2.50 | 2.09 | 2.22 | 2.16 | 2.18 |
| Log-normal standard deviation | 85 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 80 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 75 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 70 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 0.99 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 65 | 0.85 | 1.02 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 0.97 | 60 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 0.88 | 1.08 | 1.23 | 1.03 | 55 | 0.89 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 0.92 | 1.14 | 1.21 | 1.10 | 50 | 0.94 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 0.93 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 45 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 0.97 | 1.23 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 40 | 1.04 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.02 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 35 | 1.10 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.07 | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 30 | 1.20 | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.11 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 25 | 1.28 | 1.47 | 1.39 | 1.42 | 1.19 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.40 | 20 | 1.39 | 1.56 | 1.45 | 1.52 | 1.29 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.48 | 15 | 1.52 | 1.67 | 1.56 | 1.67 | 1.46 | 1.53 | 1.47 | 1.61 |
| Log-normal mean | 85 | 3.89 | 3.84 | 3.77 | 3.86 | 3.96 | 4.10 | 4.08 | 4.13 | 80 | 3.95 | 3.69 | 3.61 | 3.77 | 3.92 | 4.09 | 4.13 | 4.13 | 75 | 4.06 | 3.54 | 3.30 | 3.53 | 4.03 | 4.19 | 4.16 | 4.25 | 70 | 3.91 | 3.25 | 2.98 | 3.37 | 3.98 | 4.12 | 3.96 | 4.12 | 65 | 3.90 | 3.06 | 2.77 | 3.21 | 3.95 | 3.86 | 3.58 | 3.93 | 60 | 3.88 | 2.88 | 2.60 | 3.08 | 3.87 | 3.66 | 3.51 | 3.77 | 55 | 3.84 | 2.68 | 2.45 | 2.90 | 3.82 | 3.46 | 3.18 | 3.69 | 50 | 3.78 | 2.52 | 2.30 | 2.75 | 3.78 | 3.26 | 2.93 | 3.50 | 45 | 3.66 | 2.38 | 2.21 | 2.60 | 3.70 | 3.04 | 2.69 | 3.26 | 40 | 3.53 | 2.25 | 2.03 | 2.46 | 3.62 | 2.82 | 2.50 | 3.06 | 35 | 3.32 | 2.08 | 1.92 | 2.30 | 3.52 | 2.59 | 2.38 | 2.85 | 30 | 3.08 | 1.88 | 1.81 | 2.18 | 3.39 | 2.36 | 2.16 | 2.57 | 25 | 2.79 | 1.72 | 1.76 | 2.04 | 3.20 | 2.17 | 1.98 | 2.33 | 20 | 2.48 | 1.54 | 1.64 | 1.89 | 2.94 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 2.07 | 15 | 2.16 | 1.36 | 1.50 | 1.65 | 2.71 | 1.80 | 1.61 | 1.76 |
| Log-normal standard deviation | 85 | 1.78 | 1.71 | 1.73 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.81 | 1.72 | 80 | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.65 | 1.61 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.77 | 75 | 1.67 | 1.64 | 1.62 | 1.67 | 1.74 | 1.78 | 1.81 | 1.81 | 70 | 1.75 | 1.66 | 1.63 | 1.62 | 1.75 | 1.93 | 1.89 | 1.86 | 65 | 1.77 | 1.63 | 1.56 | 1.59 | 1.77 | 1.98 | 1.87 | 1.97 | 60 | 1.78 | 1.58 | 1.49 | 1.55 | 1.82 | 1.90 | 1.75 | 1.95 | 55 | 1.77 | 1.54 | 1.44 | 1.50 | 1.79 | 1.83 | 1.74 | 1.85 | 50 | 1.77 | 1.49 | 1.38 | 1.45 | 1.81 | 1.78 | 1.67 | 1.82 | 45 | 1.75 | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.40 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.58 | 1.81 | 40 | 1.78 | 1.36 | 1.27 | 1.35 | 1.79 | 1.66 | 1.51 | 1.76 | 35 | 1.81 | 1.32 | 1.20 | 1.29 | 1.77 | 1.58 | 1.43 | 1.69 | 30 | 1.81 | 1.28 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.73 | 1.50 | 1.36 | 1.64 | 25 | 1.78 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.67 | 1.39 | 1.26 | 1.52 | 20 | 1.71 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.60 | 1.30 | 1.22 | 1.39 | 15 | 1.54 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.51 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.27 |
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