A Simple Proof of Damien’s Theorem and Duality in Theory of the Zero-Distance Phase Front

Figure 10

“Designing” the optical surfaces for the spherical zero-distance phase fronts passing through the source : (a) the refracting surface the limacon of Pascal with ; (b) the refracting surface the limacon of Pascal with ; (c) the reflecting surface the point reflector (small mirror sphere).

(a)

(b)

(c)