Low-Profile Magnetic Loop Monopole Antenna Based on a Square Substrate-Integrated Cavity

Table 1

Comparison of different low-profile monopole patch antennas from the literature.

	This work	[2]	[3]	[4]	[5]	[6]	[7]	[8]
Cavity geometry	Square and shorting vias	Square and 4 shorting strips	Circle	Circle	Circle and shorting vias	Square and 2 shorting strips	Circle and shorting strips	Circle and shorting vias
Mode(s)		,			,	,	(multiple modes)	,
Substrate-integrated	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	✓
Frequency (GHz)	5.8	3–5.5	5.9	5.8	2.26	1.7–2.5	2.15–14	5.05–6.65
Largest dimension (mm)	23 (diagonal) 0.4 ⋅	74 (diagonal) 0.7 ⋅	62 (diameter) 1.2 ⋅	40 (diameter) 0.8 ⋅	67 (diameter) 0.5 ⋅	57 (diagonal) 0.3 ⋅	40 (diameter) 0.5 ⋅	64 (diameter) 1.1 ⋅
Substrate height (mm)	3.2 ( = 2.1)	8 (foam)	1.5; ( = 2.94)	0.79; ( = 2.33)	3.2; ( = 2.33)	12 (air)	10 (air)	1.5 ( = 2.65)
Bandwidth	2.1%	70%	12.8%	1.5%	18%	>50%	147%	27.4%