Evolutionary Algorithms Applied to Antennas and Propagation: A Review of State of the Art

Table 1

Selected journal papers that use GAs for antenna design.

Problem	Algorithm(s) used	Ref.
Thinned arrays	Binary-coded GA	[34]
Wire antennas and Yagi-Uda antenna	Binary-coded GA	[37–40]
Array synthesis	Decimal operators GA	[33]
Array-failure correction	Real-coded GA	[35]
Linear and planar array synthesis	Binary-coded GA and hybrid GA with simulated annealing (SA)	[31, 32]
Broadband patch antennas and dual-band patch antennas	Binary-coded GA and parallel GA	[41, 42]
RFID tags	Binary-coded GA	[43]
Time-modulated linear arrays	Simple GA	[36]
Linear array design, thinned subarrays, and circularly polarized patch antenna	Mixed integer GA	[44]
Linear aperiodic arrays design	Improved GA	[138]
Low RCS slot patch antennas	Binary-coded GA and two-point crossover	[45]
T-shaped MIMO radar antenna array	chaos genetic algorithm	[46]
Quad-band patch antenna	Binary-coded GA	[47]