Topological Design of Planar Circularly Polarized Directional Antenna with Low Profile Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 1

Total reflected and transmitted wave power flow for different structure (normalization value).

Analyzed structures	Component	Frequencies (GHz)
		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	11.5	12
None	Trans	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Ref	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Case	Trans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02
	Ref
Case	Trans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Ref	0.95	0.87	0.80	0.68	0.62	0.62	0.56	0.52	0.44	0.38	0.38