Modulation of Bacterial Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps of the Major Facilitator Superfamily

Table 1

Efflux pumps of the MFS family with clinically relevant antibiotics as their substrates.

Bacterium	Efflux pump	Antibiotic substrates	References
Acinetobacter baumannii	SmvA	EM	[86, 87]
	CraA	CM	[88]
	CmlA	CM	[89]
Bacillus subtilis	Bmr3	FQ, PU	[90]
	LmrB	DR, FQ, LC, PU	[91]
	MdtP	AT, FU, NO, SM	[92]
Bordetella bronchiseptica	CmlB1	CM	[93]
Clostridium difficile	Cme	EM	[94]
Clostridium saccharolyticum	Tet(40)	TC	[95]
Enterobacter aerogenes	QepA	FQ	[96]
Enterococcus faecium	EfmA	FQ	[97]
Escherichia coli	Mef(B)	MC	[98]
	QepA2	FQ	[99]
	EmrAB-TolC	FQ, TE	[100]
	Fsr	TM	[101]
	MdfA	FQ, MC, TE, CM	[102]
Enterobacter aerogenes	CmlB	CM	[103]
Listeria monocytogenes	Lde	FQ	[104]
Mycobacterium smegmatis	LfrA	FQ	[105]
Salmonella Typhimurium	EmrAB	NA, NO	[106]
	MdfA	CM, DR, NF, TC	[106]
Serratia marcescens	SmfY	NF	[107]
Staphylococcus aureus	MdeA	FU, MU, NO, VM	[108]
	NorA	FQ, CM	[109]
	NorB, NorC	FQ	[110, 111]
	MsrA	MC	[108, 112]
	LmrS	LZ, EM, CM, TM, FU	[62]
	SdrM	NF	[113]
	Tet(38)	TC	[111]
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	Smlt0032	MC	[114]
Streptococcus agalactiae	MefB	MC	[115]
Streptococcus pyogenes	MefA	TC	[116]
Streptococcus pneumoniae	MefA, MefE	MC	[117, 118]
Streptomyces coelicolor	CmlR1 CmlR2	CM FP	[119]
Vibrio cholerae	VceCAB	NA, CM, EM	[120]
	EmrD-3	LZ, EM	[61]

CM: chloramphenicol; DR: doxorubicin; EM: erythromycin; FP: florfenicol FQ: fluoroquinolones; FU: fusidic acid; LC: lincosamides; LZ: linezolid; MC: macrolides; MU: mupirocin; NF: norfloxacin; NO: novobiocin; PU: puromycin; SM: streptomycin; TC: tetracyclines; TM: trimethoprim; VM: virginiamycin.